Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA. I'm Steve Ember.
And I’m Faith Lapidus. This week on our program, we tell you about the past and present of the city of Baltimore, Maryland.
We start with the name. Many Baltimore natives pronounce it "Bawlmer" or "Bawl-ah-mur." This is just one example of Bawlmerese. Later in our program, we'll give you a lesson in this local way of speaking in Baltimore.
Baltimore is a historic port city in the eastern United States, sixty or so kilometers from Washington. Baltimore had about twenty thousand people when it became a city at the end of seventeen ninety-six. Last year's national census count estimated the population at six hundred twenty-one thousand. Baltimore is the largest city in the state of Maryland.
Visitors to Baltimore find entertainment in areas like the redeveloped Inner Harbor and the waterfront community of Fells Point. Yet many people around the world only know the areas of Baltimore shown on TV dramas like "Homicide: Life on the Street" and "The Wire."
David Simon created "The Wire" based largely on his years as a newspaper reporter covering crime for the Baltimore Sun. But, in real life, murder rates are down from the highs fueled by the violent drug trade of years past.
The first settlers came to the area in the middle of the sixteen hundreds. The settlement was named Baltimore Town in honor of Lord Baltimore of England.
Maryland was one of the thirteen British colonies that declared their independence and formed the United States in seventeen seventy-six. Baltimore served as the nation's capital for two months during the American Revolution.
America and Britain went to war again in eighteen twelve. American ships sailed from Baltimore Harbor into the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean and attacked British ships.
As a result of these attacks, Baltimore became a target. In September of eighteen fourteen, British ships attacked Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor.
The attack lasted all night. An American lawyer and poet named Francis Scott Key was on a ship in the harbor. He wrote a poem about the huge American flag that he saw flying over Fort McHenry. He wondered, would it still be there after the battle was over? It was.
Key's poem, set to music, became popular. Then, many years later, on March third, nineteen thirty-one, "The Star-Spangled Banner" officially became America's national anthem.
The earliest known copy of the poem in Francis Scott Key's own handwriting is housed at the Maryland Historical Society in Baltimore. But for the next three months it will be shown at Fort McHenry. The national monument is celebrating the opening of a new, fifteen-million-dollar visitors center. The celebration also marks the eightieth anniversary of Congress' declaring "The Star-Spangled Banner" as the national anthem.
During the eighteen hundreds, Baltimore grew as a business center. It has one of the largest natural harbors in the world. Ships carried goods to and from Europe and South America.
Ships also brought immigrants to America by way of Baltimore. The city was once a major port of entry, second only to Ellis Island in New York Harbor.
Baltimore also became a banking center and a center of education and medicine. The city has a well-known university and hospital that are both named after Johns Hopkins. He was a businessman who died in eighteen seventy-three.
During the nineteen hundreds, Baltimore continued to grow. Factories produced airplanes, chemicals, electronic equipment, ships and steel.
By the nineteen fifties, however, the economy began to fall apart. Racial tensions grew. Whites began to leave the city. Today, black residents are more than sixty percent of the population.
Over the years, the city of Baltimore has worked to give itself a facelift. The best known redevelopment project is called the Inner Harbor. An area once full of old factories and empty warehouses now has stores and restaurants, a science center and an aquarium. There are hotels, office buildings and places to live.
The Fort McHenry national monument is nearby. So are the two sports stadiums where Baltimore's major-league baseball and football teams, the Orioles and the Ravens, play. The Ravens are named after the famous scary poem "The Raven" by Edgar Allan Poe. The nineteenth-century writer lived, and died, in Baltimore.
People like to say that Baltimore is a city with real character in its neighborhoods. Many of these neighborhoods have row houses. These are homes, often tall and narrow, that are connected to one another. Many were built in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Some neighborhoods have an ethnic connection. These areas are known by names like Little Lithuania and Little Italy and Greektown. Many are popular for their restaurants.
People hungry for fine art can find it at the Baltimore Museum of Art. But the city also has the American Visionary Art Museum, a museum that celebrates the work of self-taught individuals.
The National Museum of Dentistry is also in Baltimore. And so is the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Museum. It has one of the largest collections of locomotives and rail cars in the world.
Baltimore is the home of a quirky, accented English spoken in some neighborhoods. Bawlmerese is a strong regional dialect that can be difficult to understand, even for native English speakers.
In some areas of Baltimore, women call almost everyone "Hon" -- short for Honey. Some Baltimoreans leave out letters in many words, like saying "Bawlmer" instead of Baltimore. And sometimes they add letters. For instance, they might call the nearby Patapsco River the "Patapsico."
Walk into a restaurant and the waitresses might yell out "Hi hon, how you doin'?" In fact, there is a restaurant called the Cafe Hon. The owner, Denise Whiting, was born in Baltimore. We asked her about her city.
DENISE WHITING: "I think Baltimore is a city that embraces you and gets a strong hold on you and it’s very hard for people to leave once they get here. There’s just something magical and warm and embracing and loving about Baltimore that you just don’t find in other cities."
Denise Whiting says she speaks Bawlmerese and so does her menu. Listen to how she pronounces "sandwiches."
DENISE WHITING: "Sammiches. I mean, and on the menu we try to really embrace our Baltimorese. We embrace our heritage, we embrace our culture, we embrace where we came from."
Our own Steve Ember was born and raised in Baltimore, so he knows that language well. But the tradition in American broadcasting is to use an unaccented English, often called "Midwestern-neutral." That way almost anyone across the country -- or across the world -- can understand it.
Steve has been speaking to us in VOA Special English for over twenty-five years. But now he is going to give us a little lesson in his native Bawlmerese.
OK, Hon, here we go. I was born in Baltimore, Maryland.
Yes, I said that: You were born in Baltimore, Maryland.
STEVE EMBER: There’s many things I remember about my old home town.
There are many things you remember about your home town.
You’re good! When I was growing up over there, we had two famous sports teams – The “O’s” – That’s short for the Orioles, the baseball team, and the Colts football team. They played their home games at the old Memorial Stadium.
OK – When you were growing up over there, there were two famous sports teams, the “O’s” – that’s the Orioles, the baseball team, and the Colts, the football team. And they played their home games in the old Memorial Stadium. Of course, the Colts are now gone, and we have the Ravens.
Exactly. Now, all the fans would enjoy half-smokes and Natty-Boh’s – That’s National Bohemian, the local brew. It’s not brewed locally anymore, but all the folks in Baltimore still call it their own.
Half-smokes – Those are frankfurters, and Natty-Boh’s? National Bohemian, the local beer!
Exactly!
And it’s not brewed there anymore, but all the folks in Baltimore still call it their own.
You could communicate with a Baltimorean beautifully!
Well, I'm now going to read some sentences using words that I know many Baltimoreans pronounce differently. Then Steve will translate them into Bawlmerese. Here we go:
Baltimore is the largest city in Maryland. It is on the Atlantic coast. The city has one of the oldest free public-library systems in the country, as well as a large seaport.
(Steve in Bawlmerese)
Baltimore is the largest city in Maryland. It is on the Atlantic coast. The city has one of the oldest free public-library systems in the country, as well as a large seaport.
On summer Saturdays, after a breakfast of eggs and orange juice and a quick wash and rinse of the dishes in the sink and a quick trip to the bathroom, many people cut their lawns, using power mowers, being careful not to cut the flowers along the walk.
(Steve in Bawlmerese)
On summer Saturdays, after a breakfast of eggs and orange juice and a quick wash and rinse of the dishes in the sink and a quick trip to the bathroom, many people cut their lawns, using power mowers, being careful not to cut the flowers along the walk.
Then, if the sun is too hot, they open the front door, sit on the stoop, eat a few sandwiches, watch their children play, listen to the police and fire sirens in the distance, and hope their arthritis pain goes away.
(Steve in Bawlmerese)
Then, if the sun is too hot, they open the front door, sit out their on the stoop, eat a few sandwiches, watch their children play, listen to the police and fire sirens in the distance, and hope their arthritis pain goes away.
On Sundays many folks in Baltimore like to go down to the ocean or maybe drive over to visit Washington, which is right down the road.
(Steve in Bawlmerese)
On Sundays many folks in Baltimore like to go down to the ocean or maybe drive over to Washington, which is right down the road.
I'm Steve Ember, hon.
And I'm Faith Lapidus. You can find transcripts and MP3s of our programs at voaspecialenglish.com. Steve has taken many photos of Baltimore over the years, including just this past week for our story, and we'll post some of them on our site. We'll also post an extended sample of Bawlmerese.
You can also find us on Facebook at VOA Learning English and on Twitter. Our program was written with help from Christopher Cruise and produced by Brianna Blake. Join us again next week for THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English. See yas later, hons.